Select the desired option from the Leaders drop-down to specify the type of leader to be used while placing the wire number below the wire; refer to Figure This button is used to rename the user columns. Note that the user columns are used to specify user defined parameters. Like, you can make a user defined column with the name location of manufacturer. Cross-References tab Options in this tab are used to manage cross-referencing of the project files.
These options are discussed next. Specify the desired formate for both the edit boxes. Means, if there is some change in an object being cross- referenced then the same changes will be reflected in the corresponding drawing.
Selecting this check box suppresses the installation codes and locations codes while matching the drawing defaults.
Similarly, options in the Component Cross-reference Display area are used to modify the display of component cross-references.
Note that preview is also displayed on selecting an option from the drop- down. Drawing Format tab The options in the Drawing Format tab are used to manage some of the basic parameters of the drawing like default shape and size of ladders, Feature scale, and so on. The Select Project File dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The project file will open and display in the Project Manager.
At this stage, we will learn to create drawings in a project Although earlier also, unknowingly we were creating drawing in a project. The procedure to create a drawing file in a project is given next. The Create New Drawing dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The Select template dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure You can conclude the template style of default templates from their names in the list.
Path of the template will be added in the Template edit box. Note that you can use the codes of the earlier created drawings or projects by selecting the buttons corresponding to them. You are asked to set the default settings of the project or not.
Click on Yes or No as desired. The drawing will be created. Click on this button, the list of tasks will be displayed. The procedure to update or retag these parameters is given next. On selecting this check box, the two radio buttons below it will become active. The Renumber Ladders dialog box will be displayed. This numbering will be applicable to the first drawing in the project and similarly, you can specify the starting number of ladder for second onwards drawings by selecting the desired radio button in the dialog box.
Specify the negative value to decrease the ladder numbers. The Select Drawings to Process dialog box will be displayed refer to Figure The drawings will come in the bottom list.
The details will be added in the right list box. The details will be displayed with the name of the drawing in the Project Manager. These tools are one by one discussed next. The steps to use this tool are given next. The Select Drawings to Process dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The dialog box with various paper sizes will be displayed; refer to Figure The drawings of the project will be plotted by the assigned plotter.
Publish to WEB This tool is used to publish drawings on the website. The procedure to use this tool is given next. Click on the Browse button next to the edit box. The Browse For Folder dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The Select Drawings to Process dialog box will be displayed as discussed earlier. After the publishing is finished, the Finish page of the Publish to Web dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure Click on the OK button from the dialog box.
The Publish dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure If you have unsaved sheet list then the Publish - Save Sheet List dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The dialog box to specify location for saving the file will be displayed. Browse to the desired location and save the file. Zip Project This tool works in the same way as the other publishing tools discussed above.
If you are creating the zip file for the first time in this version of AutoCAD, then you will get the error message as shown in Figure The file will be displayed as shown in Figure Now, you will learn to remove, replace, or rename a drawing file in a project.
The steps to perform these actions are given next. Right- click on it, a shortcut menu will be displayed; refer to Figure The Location View tab gives a fast report on various components by their location and installation codes. To display options in the Location View tab, click on the tab in the Project Manager; refer to Figure On expanding the installation code, we will get various components arranged as per their location codes; refer to Figure Installation code and location code in Location View tab Now, expanding the location codes will display components for those locations.
The other options in the Location View tab are discussed next. Filter by Installation and Location Using this option, you can filter out the unwanted installations or locations. A drop-box will be displayed; refer to Figure The locations and installations for which the check box is selected will be displayed in the Location View tab; refer to Figure Locations and installations after filtering Search box Oh!!
This tool always works in same way. Nothing new, specify your parameters to search for components on the basis of their locations or installation. Procedure to use this tool is given next. Details and Connections tabs The Details and Connections tabs are used to display the details and connections of the component selected in the Component View tab of the Project Manager.
To learn more about them, follow the steps given next. The detail of the component will be displayed in the Details tab of the Project Manager; refer to Figure Various connections of the component will be displayed in the Project Manager; refer to Figure The Surf dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure Note that you can export the details of components in csv or xls format by using the Export button above the table in the Project Manager.
Using the exported file, you can share the information with your peers. Some of the methods to insert electrical components are given next. The list of tools will be displayed; refer to Figure The Insert Component window will be displayed; refer to Figure The symbol will be attached to the cursor and you will be prompted to specify the location for the symbol; refer to Figure The options in these areas specify various parameters of the component being inserted.
We will start with the Component Tag area and then one by one we will use options in other areas. Click in the edit box and specify the desired value. The component will be linked to the selected pin of plc. The list of all the tags in the drawing will be displayed. Also the name of the dialog box will be modified as shown in All Tags in Use. If you select the Copy Tag button then same tag will be assigned to the current component. If you select the Calculate Next button then the next tag number will be assigned to the component.
Note that in both the cases system will ask your permission to overwrite the tag value. Do as per your requirement. In the same way, you can use the Panel button and the External List button from the Component Tag area. Catalog Data area The options in this area are used to link the inserted component to a catalog. A catalog is a collection of various related components in a categorized form.
To specify the details of the Catalog Data follow the steps given next. You can also start a new manufacturer by specifying your desired name. This number can include alphabets as well as numeric. For example, F-1PB. Note that each type of component has a unique Item number. The specified numbers will be automatically added in the Bill of Materials.
The area after specifying all the values will be displayed as shown in Figure To do so, click on the Lookup button in this area.
The Catalog Browser dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The list of all the components in that category will be displayed. After specifying the keywords, click on the Search button. The list of components related to the specified keyword will be displayed. The related data will be displayed in the Catalog area.
Now, you have specified first manufacturer of the desired component. Repeat the process until you get the desired number of alternates for the selected type of components. You can specify 99 alternates at max. Description Area The options in this area are used to specify the description about the component. To specify the description, follow the steps given next. Similarly, click in the Line 2 edit box and specify the second line of description. Select the desired component description and click on the OK button from the dialog box.
To do so, click on the Defaults button in this area. The Descriptions dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure Note that the lines with all capital characters are counted in the description. So, you need to double click only on those lines. Cross-Reference Area This is a very important area of the dialog box. The procedure to use options in this area is given next. This reference is of a certain reference format. To override this format, click on the Component override check box.
The Setup button next to it will get activated. Glossary is given next. Check the description in Option area of the dialog box to know the method of linking pins for switches. The installation code is used to specify the line or circuit identifier in which you want to add the component. For example, you can specify Line1 VAC as installation code. For example, you can specify Sub-Panel 20 Pin as location code for the component. Pins area The options in this area are used to number the pins of the component so that later they can be connected with other components in the line.
The procedure to use these options is given next. The component will be displayed with the specified parameters in the drawing. You can insert any desired component using the options in the Catalog Browser. The procedure to use the Catalog Browser is given next. Click on the Catalog Browser tool from the list; refer to Figure The Catalog Browser will be displayed; refer to Figure Catalog Browser button Figure The is used to display the assembly details of the selected component.
The is used to display the details of the current selected component in the web browser. The button is used to add the current component in the favorite components list. The Insert Component dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure In our case, Push Buttons.
The list of symbols will be displayed. The Assign Symbol To Catalog Number dialog box will be displayed if the catalog number is unassigned ; refer to Figure The symbol will get attached to the cursor. The Schematic Component or Circuit dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure Click on the Add button. On doing so, the Add record dialog box will be displayed; refer to.
The Select Schematic component or circuit dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure Click on the Open button from the dialog box. Note that you can make your own symbol by using the drawing tools and after saving it at desired location, you can add it to the library. The Table Edit dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The Settings dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure You can use the settings of an already existing.
After modifying the category, click on the OK button from the dialog box. Click on the OK button from the next dialog box. If there is no symbol assigned to the component then the Insert dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The Panel Layout List dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure Select the Project radio button or Active drawing radio button to get the list of components.
If you have selected the Project radio button then the Select Drawings to Process dialog box will be displayed as discussed earlier. The list of components will display. Note that the Panel List and Terminal Panel List tools work only if we have panels in our current project or drawing.
We will learn more about these tools later in the book. The use of these components and their procedure of insertion in drawing is given next. In some electrical systems, you might need to deal with pneumatic components also. The expanded Insert Component panel will be displayed; refer to Figure Down arror to be clicked Figure The Insert Component dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The component will get attached to the cursor.
The component will be placed with the specified parameters. The procedure to insert the hydraulic components is given next. The Insert Component dialog box with hydraulic components will be displayed. One of such example is creating your own symbols for use in drawing.
It is not possible to add each and every symbol in the Content library of AutoCAD Electrical, so we need to add few symbols based on our needs. The procedure to add new symbols in library is given next. You will be asked to select the objects. The Horizontal and Vertical define the orientation of component. Parent means the component can have more child components; refer to Figure Also, the tag are automatically assigned same for the child component as of parent component.
Similarly, you can specify the symbol as panel footprint, terminal, or nameplate. The Symbol Builder contextual tab will be selected and the Symbol Builder environment will be displayed as shown in Figure Select the desired orientation for wire connection from the list displayed. You are asked to specify a point on the object for wire connection. The defined terminals will be displayed in the Pins rollout; refer to Figure Like, we have specified name as fan.
The Close Block Editor dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure We have created a new symbol but if we look into the Icon Menu, the symbol is not displayed anywhere. The next step is to add the new symbol in Icon Menu. The Select Menu file dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure Icon Menu Wizard button Figure Note that you can select desired menu file by using the Browse button.
By default, the default menu files are selected in the dialog box. A list of tools will be displayed; refer to Figure The Add Icon-Component dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The Select File dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure You are asked to select the object for creating image.
Note that you must have the symbol drawing open in AutoCAD Electrical to select the sketch of symbol. Preview of symbol will be displayed in the dialog box; refer to Figure Now, you can use the new symbol in any of the electrical drawing as per your need.
These symbols are mapped to the Component database available in the Catalog Browser. These components individually placed do not perform any task. But if connect them in a desired manner then various components perform various tasks. In this chapter, we will learn to add wires. Later, we will learn to create circuits, multiple buses, and ladders. Wires are used to carry current and make the appliances run.
Wire drop-down The tools in this drop-down are discussed next. Wire The Wire tool is used to add straight wires in the drawing to connect various components. The command prompt will be displayed as shown in Figure The Set Wire Type dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The selected wire will be set for insertion.
You will be asked to specify the end point of the wire and the command prompt will display as shown in Figure If you click again on this button then the wires will be able to pass through the components at least in schematic drawings. You can go on creating the wires until you end up at a connector of a component.
From there you need to start a new wire. The procedure to use these tools is given next. You will be prompted to specify the starting point of the wire. You are asked to specify the end point of the wire. Interconnect Components The Interconnect Components tool is used to interconnect two components with each other. You are asked to select the first component. You will be prompted to select the second component. The wire will be created connecting both the components; refer to Figure Note that the components to be connected using this tool should be aligned properly so that their connection points are in same orientation.
Components interconnected Gap This tool is used to create gap in the wiring where the two wires intersect each other. You are asked to select the wire that you want to be remained solid while applying this tool. You are asked to select the crossing wire. Gap in the wires will be created; refer to Figure To create a multiple bus, follow the steps given next.
The Multiple Wire Bus dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure As a result, you can create the multiple wires from a point on another wire. Creating of Multiple Buses with various radio button Figure You are prompted to create a selection window to select the connection ports of devices.
The selected ports will be highlighted as shown in Figure Wires will get attached to the cursor; refer to Figure The multiple wire bus will be created. Specify the number of wires in the Number of Wires edit box. Note that the number of wires should be equal to the wires in the already existing bus.
You are asked to select a wire. The ends of the current wire bus will get attached to the cursor; refer to Figure Empty Space, Go Horizontal The Empty Space, Go Horizontal radio button is used to create a multiple wire bus in horizontal direction starting from the specified start point. You are asked to specify the starting point for the bus. You are asked to specify the end point of the bus.
Empty Space, Go Vertical The Empty Space, Go Vertical radio button is used to create a multiple wire bus in vertical direction starting from the specified start point. Ladders are arrangement of wire as shown in Figure The tools to create and control ladders are available in the Ladder drop-down; refer to Figure The procedures to use the tools in this drop-down are given next.
Ladder drop down Insert Ladder The Insert Ladder tool is used to insert the ladder of wires in the drawing. The Sheet 1: Insert Ladder dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure Note that you can specify the value in any one of the two edit boxes. Value in the other edit boxes will be calculated automatically.
If you select the 3 Phase radio button from the Phase area then the ladder will be created with three phase wire lines and a value of distance between phase lines will be required in the Spacing edit box. XY Grid Setup This tool is used to setup a grid of wires based on the specified values. This grid can be later used to connect various circuits. You are prompted to pick a point in the drawing area. The grid will be created; refer to Figure Note that the grid created is for reference purpose.
Using this grid, you can precisely place the components in the drawing. Before creating X zones, you need to enable this option. To enable this option, follow the steps given next. A shortcut menu will be displayed as shown in Figure A cascading menu will be displayed.
The Drawing Properties dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The options in the dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure Now, we have enabled the X Zones Setup tool and we can use it in our drawing. The procedure to use the X Zones Setup tool is given next. The X Zones Setup dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure You are prompted to select a point in the drawing area to specify the origin.
The X zone will be created; refer to Figure X zones When we work on real world projects of electrical systems, then we generally require references to insert our components. At the time, XY grids and X Zones are required to create references. Wire number helps to identify circuits related to that wire, components connected to that wire, total length of the wire and other details. These tools are discussed next.
Wire Numbers drop-down Wire Numbers This tool is used to specify the wire number for individual wires or project wide. The Sheet1 - Wire Tagging dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure The Select Wire Layer dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure So, select the Use wire layer format override check box. You are prompted to select the wires.
The numbering will be assigned to the wires; refer to Figure Wire numbering 3 Phase This tool is used to number three phase wiring. The 3 Phase Wire Numbering dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure If you have 3 wires in the connection then select 3 radio button and if you have 4 then select the 4 radio button.
You are asked to select first wire of the 3 phase line. You are asked to select the second wire. Keep on selecting the individual wire that you want to be numbers. You are prompted to select the PLC. We can modify the wire number leaders and we can assign the labels as per our need. Wire Number Leader drop down The procedure to use the tools in this drop-down is discussed next. You will be prompted to select a wire number; refer to Figure You will be prompted to specify the point for leader end point; refer to Figure You will be prompted to specify the next point of the leader.
The wire number leader will be assigned; refer to Figure Note that you can assign the labels with leaders or without leaders by selecting the Manual button from the respective area. The labels will be attached to the wires; refer to Figure The In-Line Wire Labels tool is used to insert the in-line wire labels.
The labels can include informations like color, gauge, and so on. You will be prompted to specify the insertion point for the symbol. The label will be inserted; refer to Figure The procedure to use all these tools are similar.
These procedures are discussed next. Cable Markers This tool is used to insert cable markers. The procedure is given next. The Insert Component dialog box will be displayed with the cable markers; refer to Figure The cable markers will be inserted automatically.
You will be prompted to click on the wire to create the dot tee mark. The dot tee mark will be created; refer to Figure You will be prompted to select the tee of wires. The Circuit Selection dialog box will be displayed as shown in Figure You will be prompted to specify the insertion point of the circuit. A list of templates will be displayed; refer to Figure A new drawing will open with the selected template; refer to Figure The Enhanced Attribute Editor dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure You are asked to specify the starting point of the wire bus.
The Insert Component dialog box with wire labels will be displayed; refer to Figure Wire Number Leader drop down Figure Note that by default, the tags on wires are displayed in yellow color. To change the color, double click on the color name in the label. The wire numbers will be assigned to the wires; refer to Figure The list of motors in the catalog will be displayed as shown in Figure- The panel of buttons will be displayed; refer to Figure The symbol will get attached to cursor.
Motor to be placed Figure The motor will be placed; refer to Figure The Insert Component dialog box will be displayed. You are prompted to specify the location of the ground symbol. Now, we are ready to edit the components, wires and circuits for customizing. Edit Components panel Figure Circuit Clipboard panel Figure This tool is used to edit the details of any component inserted in the drawing area. The options in this dialog box have already been discussed. Some components in electrical system also have jumpers to change their functionality.
For example, you might have seen jumpers in transformers to change the output voltage between V and V. The Internal Jumper tool in the Edit Components drop-down is used to edit the functions of internal jumpers.
You are asked to select a component for editing jumpers. The Wire Jumpers dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure Component selected Figure You are asked to select the jumper points on the component; refer to Figure Note that you can select the terminals directly from the dialog box but in that case you will not be able to identify the wire connections to the jumpers.
The Wire Jumpers dialog box will be displayed with the jumpers selected; refer to Figure Note that the Add button is active now. Jumper points selected Figure The jumper will be connected to the selected terminals and will be listed in the Assigned Jumpers area of the dialog box; refer to Figure The jumper will be displayed connecting all the selected terminals; refer to Figure Jumper connecting the terminals The example use above is just for illustration purpose, in real world we will not be connecting motors like this.
We can use PLCs for applying jumpers but they have not been discussed till so we are using the example of motors. Note that if you fix a component tag then it will not get updated automatically when you re-tag the components in the drawing.
For example, select the Force selected tags to Fixed radio button; then later all the selected tags will get fixed. You are asked to select the master component. The Copy Catalog Assignment dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure You are asked to select the target component.
Some of my friends might get the Update Related Components dialog box; refer to Figure Click on the Yes-Update button if you want to update all similar components in the drawing or choose the Skip button to keep others as they are. This dialog box comes if you are assigning properties to an incompatible component. For example, if you are coping properties of a motor to a switch then this dialog box will come. If it is need of your drawing to assign such properties then click on the OK button and then Overwrite otherwise cancel it and take your decision.
Update Related Components dialog box Figure The record will be added for the component; refer to Figure The user record will be added to the component. The procedure to do so is given next. You are asked to select the component that you want to copy. You are asked to specify the insertion points of the copied component. The copy will be created with the specified parameters. There are three tools in this drop-down; refer to Figure The procedure to use these tools is discussed next. You are asked to select a circuit.
You are asked to specify the insertion point for the copied circuit. You are asked to specify the second point of insertion; refer to Figure The circuit will be placed. You are asked to specify the new base point for the circuit. You are asked to specify the insertion point for the circuit. Set the insertion point and the circuit will be placed accordingly. A shortcut menu will be displayed.
The Properties-Circuit dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The current drawing will be saved as user defined circuit; refer to Figure For example, you can change position of a component on wire, you can align components, and so on. Various tools in this drop- down are discussed next. Scooting Scooting is the movement of a component, tag, wire number etc. You are asked to select component, wire or wire number from the drawing area. A box will be attached to the cursor representing the component; refer to Figure The reference line will be created from the center of the selected component; refer to Figure Also, you are asked to selected the to be aligned components.
The entities will be aligned; refer to Figure Entities after alignment Moving Component You can move components in a circuit without creating gaps in the circuit. You are asked to select a component. The component will get attached to the cursor; refer to Figure The component will be placed and the circuit will be modified to fill the gap; refer to Figure You are asked to select the component that you want to flip or reverse.
Reverse component We will discuss about the other two tools in the Transform Components drop-down later in the book when we will be discussing PLCs. The Retag Components dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The components will be re-tagged according to the selected radio button.
You are asked to select the component. If you select the Update a Block radio button then new block will be placed for selected component. If you select the Library Swap radio button then all the blocks will be updated.
The Update Block dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure Click on the Browse button and select the desired component block. Click on the Project button if you want to update the block for all project drawings or click on the Active Drawing button to update the block in current drawing only.
Click on the Browse button and select the directory of component blocks. These tools are common to all the AutoCAD platform software. An attribute is used to relate the blocks with the real word information.
These tools perform the action as their names suggest. You can also perform all these tasks by using the Properties Manager. The Properties Manager will be displayed with the relative options; refer to Figure Click in the desired field and change the attributes as required.
The tools in this drop-down are discussed next. The Component Cross-Reference dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The Cross-Reference Report dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure You can individually update the cross-references by selecting the Pick button from the dialog box. In this same way, you can use the other tools in the Cross References drop-down. Circuit Clipboard panel The tools in this panel are used to manipulate circuits; refer to Figure Click on the Cut or Copy Clip tool to copy any circuit in the drawing and using the Paste tool, you can paste the copied or cut circuits.
The tools in this panel are discussed next. The Edit Wire Number drop-down will be displayed; refer to Figure You are asked to select a wire or wire number. Note that if the number is existing then you will be prompted to enter a different wire number. Fix The Fix tool is used to make a wire number fixed. To do so, click on the Fix tool from the Edit Wire Number drop-down.
You are asked to select a wire number that you want to be fixed. Select the wire number and it will get fixed. Also, the color of the wire number will change to CYAN color. Swap The Swap tool is used to swap the wire numbers. Click on this tool from the Edit Wire Number drop-down and select two wire numbers one by one. The wire numbers will be swapped.
This tool is used to find and replace the wire numbers in the drawing. Hide and Unhide The Hide tool is used to hide the wire numbers and Unhide tool is used to unhide the wire numbers. Click on the Hide tool and select the wire number that you want to hide.
To unhide the wire number, click on the Unhide tool from the Edit Wire Number drop-down. Select the wire, the hidden wire number for that wire will be displayed. Trim Wire The Trim Wire tool is used to trim a wire connected between wire connections.
You are asked to select the wire that is to be trimmed. Also, the wire numbering will be modified accordingly. Note that the remaining wire numbers are not modified on using this tool. To delete the wire numbers, click on this tool and then click on the wire numbers that you want to be deleted. The selected wire numbers will be deleted. Click on the wire at the desired position. The wire number of that wire will move to the location you clicked on the wire.
Add Rung The Add Rung tool is used to add a rung in any circuit or ladder. A rung is a wire connecting two parallel wiring lines. You are asked to click at the desired location to add rung. A rung will be created connecting both the wires; refer to Figure Ladder Editing drop-down Figure This tool is used to modify the ladder numbering. The ladder numbering will be modified accordingly. Renumber Ladder Reference T he Renumber Ladder Reference tool is used to specify the reference point for the ladder renumbering.
The Renumber Ladders dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure Next, click on the OK button from the dialog box. To select all click on the Do All button and then click on the OK button from the dialog box. The ladders will be renumbered as per the specified value.
Wire Editing drop-down Stretch Wire tool The Stretch Wire tool is used to stretch the end point of a wire to connect it to the next intersecting wire. You are asked to select the end point of the wire. The wire will stretch till it intersect with the facing wire; refer to Figure You are asked to select the point on first wire from which the bending will start. The wire bend will be created refer to Figure Wire bend after selecting second point Show Wires The Show Wire tool is used to display all the wire in the drawing.
The Drawing Audit dialog box will be displayed; refer to Figure The wires will be highlighted; refer to Figure You are asked to select a wire segment. These tools and their operations are discussed next. If you want to modify the wire type then click on the desired field and specify the desired values. Create or Edit Wire Type dialog box Figure For example, ORNG.
For example, 4AWG. The wire type will be created. All the similar wires will be converted to the wire type selected in the dialog box. You are asked to select a wire number. Wire number after toggling Till this point, we have discussed all the general tools used in editing components, circuits and wires. In the next chapter, we will discuss PLC and its components. It was originally developed to replace mechanical relays, timers, counters.
PLCs are used successfully to execute complicated control operations in a plant. Its purpose is to monitor crucial process parameters and adjust process operations accordingly. A sequence of instructions is programmed by the user to the PLC memory and when the program is executed, the controller operates a system to the correct operating specifications.
Memory is used to store different types of information in the binary structure form. The memory range of S is composed of three main parts as program, parameter, and retentive data fields. It is the responsibility of the product engineering department to plan for manufacture of new or modified products. Other processes might involve the filling and capping of bottles, the printing of newspapers, or the assembly of automobiles etc. Measurements taken include water temperature, oil temperature, RPMs, torque, exhaust temperature, oil pressure, manifold pressure, and timing.
Carburetor Production Testing PLCs provide on-line analysis of automotive carburetors in a production assembly line. The systems significantly reduce the test time, while providing greater yield and better quality carburetors.
Pressure, vacuum, and fuel and air flow are some of the variables tested. Monitoring Automotive Production Machines The system monitors total parts, rejected parts, parts produced, machine cycle time, and machine efficiency. Statistical data is available to the operator anytime or after each shift.
Power Steering Valve Assembly and Testing The PLC system controls a machine to ensure proper balance of the valves and to maximize left and right turning ratios. The PLC monitors bearing temperatures, operation of clearance pockets, compressor speed, power consumption, vibration, discharge temperatures, pressure, and suction flow. They match and blend colors to predetermined values. Chemical Batching The PLC controls the batching ratio of two or more materials in a continuous process.
The system determines the rate of discharge of each material and keeps inventory records. Several batch recipes can be logged and retreived automatically or on command from the operator. Fan Control PLCs control fans based on levels of toxic gases in a chemical production environment. This system effectively removes gases when a preset level of contamination is reached.
Gas Transmission and Distribution Programmable controllers monitor and regulate pressures and flows of gas transmission and distribution systems. Data is gathered and measured in the field and transmitted to the PLC system. Oil Fields PLCs provide on-site gathering and processing of data pertinent to characteristics such as depth and density of drilling rigs. The PLC controls and monitors the total rig operation and alerts the operator of any possible malfunctions. The system controls the operation by following the annealing temperature curve during the reheating, annealing, straining, and rapid cooling processes through different heating and cooling zones.
Improvements are made in the ratio of good glass to scrap, reduction in labor cost, and energy utilization. Glass Batching PLCs control the batch weighing system according to stored glass formulas. The system also controls the electromagnetic feeders for in feed to and outfeed from the weigh hoppers, manual shut-off gates, and other equipment.
Cullet Weighing PLCs direct the cullet system by controlling the vibratory cullet feeder, weight-belt scale, and shuttle conveyor. All sequences of operation and inventory of quantities weighed are kept by the PLC for future use.
Batch Transport PLCs control the batch transport system, including reversible belt conveyors, transfer conveyors to the cullet house, holding hoppers, shuttle conveyors, and magnetic separators. The controller takes action after the discharge from the mixer and transfers the mixed batch to the furnace shuttle, where it is discharged to the full length of the furnace feed hopper.
It also monitors piece-count production and machine status. Corrective action can be taken immediately if the PLC detects a failure. Transfer Line Machines PLCs monitor and control all transfer line machining station operations and the interlocking between each station.
The system receives inputs from the operator to check the operating conditions on the line-mounted controls and reports any malfunctions. This arrangement provides greater machine efficiency, higher quality products, and lower scrap levels.
Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Following the same strategy as for the previous edition, the book is written to help professionals as well as learners in performing various tedious jobs in Electrical control designing.
The book follows a step by step methodology. The book starts with basics of Electrical Designing, goes through all the Electrical controls related tools and ends up with practical examples of electrical schematic and panel designing. Chapter on Reports makes you comfortable in creating and editing electrical component reports. In this edition, procedures to create harness, cable, ribbon cable and many other Electrical 3D features have been discussed.
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